European Practice in Gynaecology and Obstetrics is a series of books conceived and endorsed by the European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (EBCOG). The topics chosen for each volume are those of significant clinical interest where treatment is changing in response to research findings and developments in practice. The volume editor and contributing authors are European specialists invited to contribute because of their expertise in their field. The books concentrate on various types of management used in European practice as well as published results. The authors present treatments for which a consensus exists and - when there is no consensus - they discuss the key elements of the controversy. Each book provides a review of the basic science, recent concepts in pathophysiology, clinical aspects, treatment and unresolved problems or controversies, as well as the major recent references. A final section provides multiple-choice questions for each chapter.

European Practice in Gynaecology and Obstetrics is a series of books conceived and endorsed by the European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (EBCOG). Its aim is to provide up-to-date, evidence-based information that represents the consensus of opinion among leading European experts in the field, as part of the overall aim of standardising training and practice in order to ensure quality care and facilitate exchange among physicians in all parts of Europe and the rest of the world. The topics chosen for each volume are those of significant clinical interest where treatment is changing in response to research findings and developments in practice. The volume editor and contributing authors are European specialists invited to contribute because of their expertise in their field. The books concentrate on various types of management used in European practice as well as published results. The authors present treatments for which a consensus exists and - when there is no consensus - they discuss the key elements of the controversy. Each book provides a review of the basic science, recent concepts in pathophysiology, clinical aspects, treatment and unresolved problems or controversies, as well as the major recent references. A final section provides multiple-choice questions for each chapter.

• Preface J Lansac Introduction J W Wladimiroff Basic physiological principles of medical ultrasound S Eik-Nes Biological effects and safety aspects F Duck Scanning techniques in obstetrics and gynaecology I Timor-Tritisch Investigation of early pregnancy J M Carrera Normal fetal anatomy at 18-22 weeks D Nyberg Amniotic fluid and placenta E Jauniaux Fetal biometry, estimation of gestational age, assessment of fetal growth D Arduni Epidemiology, different diagnosis, natural history of abnormalities and management G L Pilu Evaluation of fetal uteroplacental blood flow Marsal Invasive procedures in obstetrics Y Ville Multiple pregnancies K Hecher Fetal breathing and body movements G H A Visser Normal gynaecological anatomy (uterus, tubes, ovaries) S Kupesic Gynaecological complications (tubes and ovaries) R Osmers Gynaecology, invasive procedures, and Doppler in gynaecology B Cacciatore Medicolegal implications of ultrasound examination H Meire Ethics and patient information F A Chervenak